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SCSIFormat.readme
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1999-05-02
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Short: Lowlevel format SCSI drives
Author: thor@math.tu-berlin.de (Thomas Richter)
Uploader: thor@math.tu-berlin.de (Thomas Richter)
Version: 1.04
Type: disk/misc
Requires: Os 2.04, A SCSI drive (guess what...)
This program can be used to format SCSI media of any type, making all options
of the SCSI Format command available to the user. As such, it should be only
used by experts, knowing what the parameters mean. It does not write any
file management data to the drive, does *NOT* dos format drives, does not
write an RDB. This is up to the standard system tools.
This program should be used with great care since it will - on purpose -
erase all data of the selected drive.
Beware! Most likely, you DO NOT want to use it! Most SCSI drives come
pre-formatted, there's little reason to perform a low-level format on
them again.
It *might* proof useful for reassigning bad blocks of old and worn JAZ
or magneto-optic cartridges, provided you know the parameters.
Some examples are ready prepared for you.
_____________________________________________________________________________
Synopsis:
SCSIFormat HANDLER,DEVICE/K,UNIT/K/N,FLAGS/K/N
HANDLER The name of a DOS device to be formatted. This
should be something like JAZ:, JH0:, ZIP: etc.
This option works only if the drive in question
is already mounted.
DEVICE/K Alternatively, the name of an exec device driver,
in case the device is not mounted. IF YOU WANT TO
USE THIS OPTION, YOU MUST SPECIFY THE DEVICE KEYWORD
or else SCSIFormat will regard the device name as
the name of the dos handler.
For example, this could be set to
DEVICE=oktagon.device or
DEVICE=omniscsi.device or
DEVICE=gvpscsi.device or
DEVICE=cybscsi.device
UNIT/K/N If the DEVICE keyword is present, you have to
specify the unit number of the exec device as well.
This is in most cases simply the SCSI ID of the
drive to be formatted.
This information is not required if you specified
the drive by its AmigaDos device name.
FLAGS/K/N: A flags value for opening the exec device driver,
only looked at if the device was specified by its
exec driver name and ignored otherwise. This
defaults to 0, and is usually not required at all.
Some device drivers check the SCSI bus again if the
flags value is set to 1 and hence might be able to
detect a drive which was powered on later.
_____________________________________________________________________________
After startup, the program asks you about the format specifications:
Are you sure to format device xxxxx.device, unit x (yes/no) :
Answer this with "yes" to continue. "no" or ^C aborts the program.
Bad block format is block format.
This is an information for the experts which type of bad block
list specification is used by the drive.
Clear the list of grown defects (yes/no) :
Whether or not the grown defect list should be cleared. If
answered by "yes", SCSIFormat will tell the drive to ignore all
defects encountered in the lifetime of the cartridge before,
except for the primary defects entered by the manufacturer.
This might be useful for magneto-optical drives because dust
on the disk might have created defects even though the surface
is still fine.
If answered by "no", the drive will keep the grown defect list.
Vendor specific data (0=default, 32=JAZ?) :
This data is purely vendor specific. It should be set to zero for
almost all purposes, except for JAZ drives which expect here a
value of 32 (don't ask me why, I don't know either).
Some drive manufactures might be willing to hand out specifications
of their disk drives which explain in detail what this value means.
Interleave (0=default) :
Specify a sector interleave for the device. This should be set to
zero for almost all purposes as there is almost no drive that
still requires an interleave factor.
If this is set to non-zero, this value is the difference of the
sector numbers of two adjacent sectors. Namely, if this value is
set to one, sector "n" will be followed by sector "n+1" on the
surface. If set to two, "n" will be followed by "n+2", etc.
This value is usually ignored by modern drives, some very achient
SCSI drives perform better with a value of two.
Disable use of primary defect list :
Tell SCSIFormat whether the drive should ignore the primary
defect list on formatting.
If set to "no", the drive will make use of the primary defect
list and will not make use of sectors identified as bad.
If set to "yes", the drive will ignore the primary defect
list, even though the list is not deleted.
You usually want to set this to "no".
Disable validation process :
Whether or not the drive shall perform a vendor specific
certification process or not.
If answered by "yes", no certification should take place,
if you enter "no", the drive will check the sectors after having
formatted them.
This should be usually set to "no".
Use default format options :
If set to "yes", the drive will ignore most of the settings made
above, and will select its default parameters.
If set to "no", it will use the parameters entered above.
After that, SCSIFormat prints again the format parameters and queries you
again whether or not to format the disk. THIS IS YOUR LAST CHANCE TO ABORT
THE FORMAT PROCESS, either by entering "no", or by hitting ^C. There's no
stop afterwards.
Please note that not each drive will accept each parameter. You're left to
experiment a bit what your HD accepts or not. Obviously, you should not
try to format your workbench, let alone the drive you stored SCSIFormat on.
____________________________________________________________________________
Some example settings:
To format a JAZ drive, the following parameters should suffer:
SCSIFormat will low-level format a SCSI device.
Are you sure to format device gvpscsi.device, unit 6 (yes/no) : yes
Bad block format is block format.
Clear the list of grown defects (yes/no) : yes
Vendor specific data (0=default, 32=JAZ?) : 32
Interleave (0=default) : 0
Disable use of primary defect list : no
Disable validation process : no
Use default format options : yes
To format a ZIP drive:
SCSIFormat will low-level format a SCSI device.
Are you sure to format device gvpscsi.device, unit 6 (yes/no) : yes
Bad block format is block format.
Clear the list of grown defects (yes/no) : yes
Vendor specific data (0=default, 32=JAZ?) : 0
Interleave (0=default) : 0
Disable use of primary defect list : no
Disable validation process : no
Use default format options : yes
The validation process may be disabled for a faster formatting here.
To format a SCSI HD, clearing the grown defect list:
SCSIFormat will low-level format a SCSI device.
Are you sure to format device gvpscsi.device, unit 6 (yes/no) : yes
Bad block format is block format.
Clear the list of grown defects (yes/no) : yes
Vendor specific data (0=default, 32=JAZ?) : 0
Interleave (0=default) : 0
Disable use of primary defect list : no
Disable validation process : no
Use default format options : yes
____________________________________________________________________________
For the experts, here's an excerpt from the SCSI specifications that explains
the details:
Revision 10L, 7-SEP-93
9.2.1 FORMAT UNIT command
The FORMAT UNIT command (see table 109) formats the medium into initiator
addressable logical blocks per the initiator defined options. In
addition, the medium may be certified and control structures may be
created for the management of the medium and defects. There is no
guarantee that the medium has or has not been altered.
Table 109 - FORMAT UNIT command
+=====-========-========-========-========-========-========-========-========+
| Bit| 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
|Byte | | | | | | | | |
|=====+=======================================================================|
| 0 | Operation code (04h) |
|-----+-----------------------------------------------------------------------|
| 1 | Logica